Fri 22 Jun 2007
Yiligawu
Posted by jangari under Uncategorized
[12] Comments
Yiligawu – ‘I’m alright now, I’m ready’ (but it isn’t exactly true).
I leave for the Northern territory on Monday morning, to start my third fieldtrip, the longest one yet, at a lazy 8 weeks. Unfortunately, work has been considerably busy over the last week, tying up all the loose ends, making sure I’ve finished any jobs I was working on, et cetera. After all that, there hasn’t been too much time left over to actually prepare for my fieldwork.
Plus, the price of gold makes things considerably more difficult. What has it got to do with the price of fish gold, I hear you ask? Accommodation, that’s what. Pine Creek is a gold mining town from way back, 1850 or so. In it’s heyday, the town was bursting at the seams with gold-diggers and the population was in the thousands. Then, the gold ran out, or more accurately, the nuggets ran out; there’s plenty of gold left in the soil, but it’s expensive to process. The town all but collapsed to a small blip on the map, nestled somewhere behind the intersection of the Stuart and Jabiru highways.
Only since the price of gold has shot through the roof in recent years has it actually been worthwhile to process the ‘tailings’ – as the dirt is referred to – to extract whatever minuscule trace elements of gold there are. Plus, the resources boom generally means it’s now worthwhile to go deeper into old mines and extract other minerals, like iron ore and copper.
The result? A small town that can really only cope with 500 people at the most (that is, there are only three pubs), is full of miners employed by any one of three global mining corporations, who, among themselves, own all the mines in the area.
Ergo, I can’t find accommodation. That’s what it’s got to do with the price of gold!
Thankfully there are various people in town who know me quite well now and they’re all nice people, so I’m sure I’ll find somewhere to sleep. It’s just going to have to be a matter of getting into town and seeing what I can muster up.
Besides trying to get my accommodation organised, I have to pack, make sure my computer is all ready to go (truth be known, I’m sick to death of the thing; it’s an oversized, heavy, loud thing, which I’ll probably reformat and convertto a linux machine when this fieldtrip is over) and gather together my recording equipment and essential accessories.
I should also be preparing my actual research, but there’s been precious little time left to do so, and I may have to do it in situ. Plus, there’s another speaker in town whom I haven’t previously met, which will be interesting and exciting.
As for the blog, well, I won’t be posting very regularly as the internet speed out there is remarkably slow. But I can get on broadband from an internet café in Katherine, which I’ll probably do every two weeks or so, every time I go to see the footy. Right Wamut?
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June 23rd, 2007 at 4:43 pm[...] field trip on Monday morning, I don’t foresee much free time to collate my thoughts among all the other things that I have yet to do. However, I will link to others’ thoughts on the matter that are mostly [...]

June 22nd, 2007 at 10:43 pm
I’m disappointed that you won’t have reliable (or, at least, fast) internet service out there – I look forward to your posts (and especially to your comments!). Be well, study hard, and enjoy the change in enviornment. I’ll be watching out for your updates!
Love!
-Chili
June 23rd, 2007 at 6:23 am
I’ll miss you too mate, But i lookforward to some intereting posts as a result of this trip.
Cheers
Iain
June 24th, 2007 at 12:24 pm
I really look forward to hearing (reading) about your field work. I’m excited for you.
Is it primarily phonology research you’ll be doing? (I noticed your “phonology” tag.) I’m curious what sort of recording equipment you use. And what might be the “essential accessories”?
I will also miss your posting!
June 24th, 2007 at 2:01 pm
Alejna, you caught me on a break, so I’ll fill you in.
I haven’t thus far done any phonological/phonetic analysis, but my supervisor wants me to do some now, since this won’t be an academic trip and I won’t have to concentrate entirely on complex predication. I put the ‘phonology’ tag in before I edited out a lengthy paragraph detailing precisely what I’m looking at, so here goes.
Wagiman, like most Australian languages, doesn’t have a voicing contrast, though phonetically speaking, some stops might occur as voiced and others as voiceless. It does, however, differentiate between fortis and lenis, but on the basis of length of closure rather than voice onset time (I’m sure you know what I’m talking about, so I don’t need to dumb it down). So while there isn’t a ‘voice’ distinction in the European sense (where VOT = voice), there is still a fortis/lenis distinction.
Unfortunately, I can’t think of any minimal pairs, but to give you an idea, we write the geminate (fortis) stops with double ‘voiceless’ letters, like /kk/ in ‘bakka’ (tobacco), and the simplicate (lenis) stops with a single ‘voiced’ letter, like /g/ in ‘-buga’ (plural suffix). I want to get enough tokens of each, in various positions, to get an idea of what length of closure is perceived as a geminate versus a simplicate. Also, we want to find out whether the only phonemic difference is the length of closure. There may in fact still be a difference in VOT as far as we know.
I also want to know what length of ‘closure’ is typical of geminate (long) nasals, since there is a long/short nasal contrast too. And this time I do have a minimal pair:
nga-nanda-yi [ŋánandai] ‘I see him/her/it’
versus
ngan-nanda-yi [ŋánnandai] ‘he/she/it sees me’
Add to that the fact that clusters don’t phonolgically become homorganic; any heterorganic combination is possible, or so we think.
I use a Marantz PMD660 flash ram recorder, using highest quality uncompressed PCM WAV; 16 bit resolution, 48 kHz sample rate. The accessories invludes up to four microphones: two Behringer matched, mini condensers, one lapel condenser, and one Rode dynamic. I’ll probably use the dynamic for the phonetic work, the condensers are for elicitation and texts. The lapel is a spare. Add to that two mic-stands, multiple CF cards, mic cables (4 in total), Sennheiser headphones and a backup mp3-dictaphone. I probably won’t be doing any of the actual ‘analysis’ while I’m there, but when I do, it’ll be with Praat, most likely.
See how straightforward fieldwork is?
June 24th, 2007 at 2:13 pm
And thanks to you all, MrsChili, Iain and Alejna, for the encouragement and kind words. I’ll try my best to be as regular and interesting as possible.
June 25th, 2007 at 1:35 pm
Thanks for the detailed reply. It sounds like you’ll be looking at some interesting sound stuff. You make me want to do field research! I’m curious how you’ll be doing your elicitations, to get those “various positions” you mention. Do you have word lists you work with? Will you be getting your tokens in different prosodic/focus positions? (Don’t feel compelled to answer right away–I know you’re crazy busy right now! But I am curious.)
Thanks also for the details on your equipment. I’ve been thinking about investing in a solid state recorder and other equipment for my own nefarious purposes. (It may shock you to learn that I do most of my own recording on my laptop with a fairly cheesy microphone. But I usually primarily need just a good pitch track and a decent spectrogram. Plus most of my own work is on American English. Which, as you may know, is not exactly endangered.)
It makes me happy to know you’ll be making such high quality recordings. I hope you’ll have a reasonably quiet place to make them, too.
June 26th, 2007 at 8:38 am
I have lists of target words, but I’ve been advised away from getting that said three times in a row, because it’s simply not natural speech. So I’m trying to fit them into simple sentences where, yes, I’ll control for focused versus non-focused prosody positions but, guven a non-configurational language, they could potentially stick the target word wherever they like. If I do it enough times, I should get a good spread of tokens.
Alejna, you know I’m an archivist in my other guise, soto hear that you record just on your laptop inflicts pain. But, if you have a good sound card and so on, it might be fine.
Perhaps you should get a good small encoder, such as a Motu, that plugs into your laptop and syncs with an audio recording program. But set-ups like these aren’t the best if you ever plan to leave the lab. But, get a good mic!! If your speakers don’t mind having an obtrusive microphone in their face and you’re in the studio, recording individuals reading from a page or something, then you should be using a dynamic mic, they’re not expensive.
“Reasonably quiet” places don’t exist in this part of the world. There are inevitably kids playing, dogs fighting, sprinklers sprinkling, air-conditioners air-conditioning, fans fanning somewhere close. And of course, my speakers like to cough directly into the microphones. You learn as you go.
June 27th, 2007 at 4:22 am
I could never get people to repeat things in the same language…
For accommodation – I once rang up random people at One ARm Point I didn’t know to find a place to stay for a few days. “Hi, you don’t know me but I’m one of these researchers and I can’t get hold of anyone I know so can I camp on your floor for a few days?”. It worked…
Have a great trip!
June 27th, 2007 at 3:56 pm
Thanks for the suggestion Claire, but luckily it won’t be necessary. I’ve just found a room in the last hour. There’s a bloke in town who has a set of dongas that he mainly uses privately, but he digs the community work – as opposed to the rampant mining activity – and has given me priority. It’s still tentative though, he has been holding this room, among others, for some concreters who were supposed to be in town by now and are uncontactable. So if they show up, I might be out on the street again. I just trust in the fact that concreters are inherently unreliable¹.
Lucky though, because I’m not up-front enough to be able to ring people I don’t know and ask them if I can unfurl a swag on their floor.
Re: getting speakers to repeat something, I know exactly what you mean. This is a typical exchange:
Me: Can you say this one for me? “ga-yu buluman, gahan gakkalak” (that moon is big)
Speaker: Yowey. (yes, as in, ‘yes, that moon is big’.)
I’m going to go for straight elicits, possibly primed with a target word. So, starting with “what’s that word for moon?”, then “Okay, so how do you say ‘that moon is big’?”
¹If any concreters of friends of concreters read this, take it facetiously.
June 28th, 2007 at 9:05 am
If it’s a length contrast, why do you call it fortis-lenis?
I mean, that (it turns out) is what these terms were invented for (the contrast between two sets of phonetically voiceless unaspirated consonants in Switzerland), but the terms have been used so often in so many different ways that many apparently just roll their eyes when they encounter them (e. g. Ladefoged used “fortis” for the extra-weird Korean stiff-voiced consonants), and it would leave me *sniff* without a way to name the contrast between the two sets of phonetically voiceless unaspirated short stops in Austrian Standard German and most Bavarian-Austrian dialects. It also occasionally occurs in some Englishes. (Apparently it’s the loudness of the release = pulmonic air pressure.)
June 30th, 2007 at 2:56 pm
David, I use the terms fortis and lenis liberally. To me, the dichotomy is inclusive of contrasts of VOT as well as length or even other possible contrasts between plosives. To be honest, I didn’t realise the terms referred specifically to those Swiss unaspirated voiceless stops, but it would surely be greedy of the Swiss to demand that they can refer only to them.